英语翻译Assuming the prior user has not abandoned the mark ,an applicant cannot gain registration if the mark so closely resembles thar of the prior user that is likely to be confusing,deceitful or cause mistake.Since a likelihood of confusion is

英语翻译Assuming the prior user has not abandoned the mark ,an applicant cannot gain registration if the mark so closely resembles thar of the prior user that is likely to be confusing,deceitful or cause mistake.Since a likelihood of confusion is
英语翻译
Assuming the prior user has not abandoned the mark ,an applicant cannot gain registration if the mark so closely resembles thar of the prior user that is likely to be confusing,deceitful or cause mistake.Since a likelihood of confusion is enough to bar the registration,evidence of confusion never is required,although it clearly can be highly persuasive.Likelihood of confusion traditionally is determined on the basis of seven elements.There are (1) similarity of marks,(2) similarity of products,(3) area and manner of concurrent use,(4) degree of care likely to be exercised by consumers,(5) strength of the mark.None of these factors is dispositive by itself.International Kennel Club v.Mighty star,Inc.(1988).
Whether a mark is likely to cause confusion will depend in part upon the similarity of the marks.Clearly,identical marks will be very likely to confuse.The more dissimilar the marks are,the less likely confusion is.The more similar the products are,the more likely a mark will be confusing,assuming some similarity between the marks.Not surprisingly,a sliding scale has been developed by which similarity of both product and mark are measured.When the products are identical,only an approximate similarity of mark need be demonstrated,since a consumer is likely to be confused when similar marks are found on identical goods.Similarly,a consumer is likely to be confused when identical marks are used even if the goods are not at all the same,although some connection is required between the goods in terms of consumer expectations.

英语翻译Assuming the prior user has not abandoned the mark ,an applicant cannot gain registration if the mark so closely resembles thar of the prior user that is likely to be confusing,deceitful or cause mistake.Since a likelihood of confusion is
假设之前用户没有放弃该商标的,申请人无法获得登记,如果该商标极为相似的前塔尔用户,很可能是混乱的,是骗人的,或造成错误.由于混淆的可能性就足以酒吧的登记,证据混乱从未要求,但它显然可以有说服力的.混淆的可能性是传统的基础上确定的7个要素.有（ 1 ）相似的商标,（ 2 ）相似的产品,（ 3 ）领域和方式并行使用,（ 4 ）一定程度的照顾可能行使的消费者,（ 5 ）强度的标志.没有哪一个因素是决定性的本身.国际养犬俱乐部诉坚强星公司（ 1988年） .是否有商标有可能造成混乱将部分取决于相似的商标.显然,相同商标将很可能会混淆.更不同的标志是,在不太可能混乱.更多的类似的产品,就越有可能将商标混淆,假设某些相似之处马克.毫不奇怪,一个滑动规模开发了这两种产品的相似性和马克测量.当产品是相同的,只是一个近似的商标的相似性需要证明的,因为消费者很可能会混淆时,类似的商标上发现相同的商品.同样,消费者很可能会混淆时,使用相同的商标,即使货物不相同,但也有一些方面需要之间的货物而言,消费者的期望.