大学英语综合教程1 第三单元和第四单元的text b 电子书unit3:how to make sense out of scienceunit4:ben carson:man of miracles

大学英语综合教程1 第三单元和第四单元的text b 电子书unit3:how to make sense out of scienceunit4:ben carson:man of miracles
大学英语综合教程1 第三单元和第四单元的text b 电子书
unit3:how to make sense out of science
unit4:ben carson:man of miracles

大学英语综合教程1 第三单元和第四单元的text b 电子书unit3:how to make sense out of scienceunit4:ben carson:man of miracles
下面是第三单元和第四单元的text b 电子书,如果其它单元的或其它册的也要的话可以给我留言,将下面的粘贴到记事本里面就可以保存为TXT文本了.
How To Make Sense Out Of Science
David H. Levy
1 New Drugs Kill Cancer
如何理解科学
大卫•H•利维
新药灭癌
2 Devastation by El Ni?o — a Warning
厄尔•尼诺现象将带来毁灭 —— 一则警告
3 6:30 p.m. October 26, 2028: Could This Be the Deadline for the Apocalypse?
2028年10月26日下午6:30：世界末日的最后期限?
4 When these headlines appeared this year, their stories became the subjects of conversations around the world — talks spiced with optimism and confusion. Imagine the hopes raised in the millions battling cancer. Did the news mean these people never had to worry about cancer again? Or that we all had to worry about a catastrophe from outer space or, more immediately, from El Ni?o?
这些标题于今年见诸报端时,这类新闻便成为全世界的话题 —— 既掺有乐观又带来混乱的话题.想象一下这些新闻为成千上万与癌症抗争的人们所带来的希望.这些新闻是否意味着这些人再也不用为癌症担忧呢?还是说我们所有的人都得为来自外层空间的大祸,或者更近一点,为厄尔•尼诺现象造成的灾难而忧心忡忡呢?.
5 Unfortunately, science doesn't work that way. It rarely arrives at final answers. People battling cancer or victims of El Ni?o may find this frustrating, but the truth is that Nature does not yield her secrets easily. Science is done step by step. First an idea is formed. Then this is tested by an experiment. The outcome, one hopes, results in an increase in knowledge. 不幸的是,科学并非这般运作.科学极少提供最终的答案.与癌症搏斗的人们或厄尔•尼诺现象的受害者也许会觉得这太令人沮丧,但事实是,大自然并不轻易袒露其奥秘.科学研究是一步一步进行的,首先要有一个构想,然后用实验检验这个构想,人们希望其结果能成为知识的一种积累.
6 Science is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us. Its real work is slow. (1) The scientific method, as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process that begins with a purpose or a problem or question to be answered. It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine, when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time — and patience.
科学并非一组无可置疑的结果,而是认识我们周围世界的一种方法.其实际进程是缓慢的.(1) 正如我们很多人在学校里所学的那样,科学方法是一个渐进的过程,这个过程始于某个目的,或某个有待解决或回答的问题.这包括一组材料,一套必须遵循的操作步骤,一系列有待进行的观察,最后是有待得出的结论.医学上,有人提出一种新药可能医治或控制某种疾病时,先是在随意挑选的大量人群中进行试验,然后将这部分人群的用药反应与另一组随意挑选的未用此药的人群的情况进行比较.两组人群的种种反应被一一记录,仔细比较,从而对新药的疗效作出鉴定.所有这些过程需要时间 —— 以及耐心.
7 It's the result of course, that makes the best news — not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After an experiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scientist's colleagues, who review the work. If the work is important enough, just before the report is published in a professional journal or read at a conference, a press release is issued and an announcement is made to the world.
成为新闻热点的当然是结果,而非长年默默无闻的努力,而长年默默无闻的努力正是绝大多数科学探索的特点.在实验有了结论,或观察结束之后,其结果仍将受到严格的检测.结果送交发表时,会由一组科学家的同行审阅.如果成果相当重要,那在专业杂志上发表或会议上宣读该实验报告之前,将会举行新闻发布会,向世人宣布.
8 The world may think that the announcement signifies the end of the process, but it doesn't. A publication is really a challenge: "Here is my result. Prove me wrong!" (2) Other researchers will try to repeat the experiment, and the more often it works, the better the chances that the result is sound. Einstein was right when he said: "No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right; a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong."
世人也许会认为宣布结果标志整个过程的结束,其实不然.发表成果实际上是种挑战：“本人所作结论在此.请证其谬!”(2) 别的研究人员会试图重复这一实验,实验成功的次数越多,其结果就越有可能是可靠的.爱因斯坦说得对：“再多的实验也永远不能证明我正确,而一项实验随时就能证明我错误.”
9 In August 1996, NASA announced the discovery in Antarctica of a meteorite from Mars that might contain evidence of ancient life on another world. (3)As President Clinton said that day, the possibility that life existed on Mars billions of years ago was potentially one of the great discoveries of our time.
1996年8月,美国国家航天和航空局宣布在南极洲发现了一颗来自火星的陨石,其中可能包含着其他星球存在古老生命的证据.(3) 正如克林顿总统那天所说,发现亿万年前火星上可能存在生命这件事, 有可能是我们时代最伟大的发现之一.
10 After the excitement wore down and initial papers were published, other researchers began looking at samples from the same meteorite. (4) Some concluded that the "evidence of life" was mostly contamination from Antarctic ice or that there was nothing organic at all in the rock.
当兴奋和激动慢慢平息,首批论文发表之后,其他研究人员开始研究取自同一颗陨石的样本.(4) 有些人得出结论说,这些“生命的证据”大多来自南极冰的污染,或者说那块石头里根本就没有有机物.
Ben Carson: Man of Miracles
Christopher Phillips
1 Ben Carson looked out at Detroit's Southwestern High School class of 1988. It was graduation day. At 36, Carson was a leading brain surgeon, performing delicate and lifesaving operations. But 19 years before, he had graduated from this same inner-city school. He remembered it all — the depressing surroundings of one of Detroit's toughest, poorest neighborhoods. And he knew the sense of hopelessness and despair that many of these 260 students were feeling about the future.
本•卡森：一个创造奇迹的人
克里斯托弗•菲利普斯
本•卡森望着底特律市西南高中1988届的毕业班学生.那天是毕业典礼日.卡森36岁,是一位杰出的脑外科医生,施行需要小心处理的挽救生命的手术.然而,19年前,他就毕业于这同一所市中心贫民区的学校.他一切记忆犹新 —— 记得这是底特律市一个最贫穷的也是暴力犯罪最严重的街坊,记得那种压抑的环境.他知道这260名学生当中的许多人对未来有一种绝望感.
2 (1) For weeks he had worried over how to convince the graduates that they, too, could succeed against seemingly impossible odds, that they could move mountains. Now, standing to deliver the main address, he held up his hands. "See these?"he asked the students. "I didn't always use them for surgery. When I was a little younger than you are, I often waved a knife with them to threaten people. And I even tried to kill somebody."
(1) 几个星期以来,他一直苦苦思索,如何才能让这些毕业生相信,他们也能克服似乎难以战胜的困难获取成功,他们也能创造奇迹.此刻,他正起身作贵宾演讲,他举起了双手.“看到吗?”他问学生,“我过去并非总是用我的手作外科手术.在我比你们还年轻一点的时候,常常两手挥舞小刀恐吓别人.我甚至曾经试图杀人.”
3 The students stared in disbelief.
学生们难以置信地瞪大了眼睛.
4 Ben and his older brother, Curtis, grew up in a crowded apartment building near the school. Their mother, Sonya, who had married at age 13 and divorced when Ben was eight, worked at two and sometimes three low-paying jobs at a time. She wanted a better life for her two sons and showered them with encouragement. However, both boys started badly in school, especially Ben.
本和哥哥柯蒂斯就在这所学校附近一幢拥挤的公寓大楼里长大.母亲索妮娅13岁结婚,在本8岁时离了婚.她同时干两份,有时甚至三份低报酬的活儿.她想让两个儿子过上好日子,拼命地鼓励他俩.但两个孩子刚上学时都学得一团糟,尤其是本.
5 Sonya recognized that Ben was bright. He just didn't seem motivated. "From now on,"she announced one afternoon, "you can watch only two TV shows a week. You have to read at least two books every week and give me reports so I know you really read them." 索妮娅知道本很聪明.他只不过是缺乏动力.“从现在开始,”有天下午她说道,“你们一星期只能看两次电视.每星期你们至少得读两本书,要给我写读书报告,我好知道你们真的是读了.”
6 At first Ben hated reading. Then, gradually, he discovered a new world of possibility. (2) Before long he was reading more books than his determined mother required, and he couldn't wait to share them with her.
起初,本痛恨读书.后来,渐渐地,他发现了一个充满机会的崭新世界.(2) 没多久,他的阅读便超出了意志坚定的母亲所规定的数目,他迫不及待地与母亲分享阅读的快乐.
7 His mother studied the book reports closely. "That's a fine job, Bennie," she would tell her beaming son. What she didn't tell Ben or Curtis was that, with only a third-grade education, she couldn't read.
母亲认真审阅读书报告.“写得不错,本尼,”她会对满面笑容的儿子说.她没有告诉本或柯蒂斯的是,她只上过三年学,根本不会读书.




8 "Mom," Ben announced one day, "When I grow up, I want to be a doctor."
“妈妈,”一天本说道,“等我长大了,我要当医生.”
9 Sonya Carson smiled, knowing Ben must have just read a book on doctors. "You can be anything you want to be," she assured him.
索妮娅•卡森微微一笑,知道本准是刚读了一本有关医生的书.“心想事成,” 她深信不疑地对他说.
10 With a goal now, young Ben soared from the bottom of his class toward the top. His teachers were astonished. There was one thing, however, that Ben couldn't seem to conquer: his violent temper. (3) He boiled with anger — anger at his departed father, anger at the hardships his mother faced, anger at all the wasted lives he saw around him.
有了目标,年轻的本的功课从全班最差跃升至榜首.他的老师都非常惊讶.但是有一件事,本似乎不能克服,那就是他的火爆脾气.(3) 他满腔愤怒 —— 对死去的父亲愤怒,对母亲承受的艰辛愤怒,对自己所目睹的身边所有荒废的人生愤怒.
11 Then one afternoon, walking home from school, 14-year-old Ben started arguing with a friend. Pulling a camping knife, Ben thrust at the boy. The steel blade struck the youngster's metal belt buckle, and the blade snapped. Ben's friend fled.
一天下午,在放学回家的路上,14岁的本跟一个朋友争了起来.本拔出一把野营用小刀朝那个男孩捅去.钢制刀身扎在男孩的金属带扣上喀嚓一声折断了.本的朋友逃走了.
12 Ben stood stone-still. "I almost killed someone!" he said quietly. There and then he made a decision. If he was ever going to fulfill his dream of becoming a doctor and save others, he was first going to have to cure himself. Never again would he let his anger run away with him.
本站在那儿,呆住了.“我差点儿杀了人!”他默默地说.他当机立断.如果真的还想要实现自己的医生梦,救死扶伤,他首先必须医治好自己的恶习.他决不再让自己的脾气失控.
13 In 1969 Ben graduated third in his class from Southwestern High and received a full scholarship to Yale. After Yale he obtained grants to study at the University of Michigan Medical School. This was the start of a career that was to lead him, at age 33, to be appointed senior brain surgeon at Johns Hopkins hospital. From around the world, other surgeons came to seek his counsel.
1969年,本以全班第三名的成绩从西南高中毕业,并获得耶鲁大学全额奖学金.耶鲁本科毕业后,他获得奖学金去密歇根大学医学院学习.这是他职业生涯的起点,并使他在33岁时便被任命为约翰斯•霍普金斯医院高级脑外科医师.来自世界各地的外科医生都来向他咨询.
14 In April 1987 a German doctor arrived with the records of Siamese twins, newborns Patrick and Benjamin Binder. The boys had separate brains, but at the back of the heads, where they were joined, they shared blood vessels. Their mother refused to sacrifice either child to save the other. Surgeons knew of no other way to proceed. In many cases, when Siamese twins are separated at the back of the head, one child survives and the other either dies or suffers severe mental injury.
1987年4月,一位德国医生带着连体双胎、新生婴儿帕特里克和本杰明•拜恩德的病历前来找本.两个男婴有各自的大脑,但在连接两人的后脑部,两人共用血管.孪生婴儿的母亲拒绝牺牲一个孩子挽救另一个孩子.医生们束手无策.在许多病例中,连体双胎在后脑部分割时,一个孩子存活,另一个则无法存活,或者将遭受严重脑力损伤.
15 Carson came up with a plan to give both twins the best chance of survival: stop their hearts, drain their blood supply completely and restore circulation only after the two were safely separated.
卡森提出了一个使两个孩子都有最佳存活机会的方案：停止两人心脏搏动,完全停止供血,直到两人被安全分离后再恢复血液循环.
16 The entire operation took 22 hours and required a 70-person team. After the twins' hearts were stopped and their blood drained, Carson had only one hour to separate the damaged blood vessels. He worked smoothly and quickly, easing his instruments deep into the brains of the two infants. Twenty minutes after stopping the twins' circulation, he made the final cut. Now, working with his team, he had 40 minutes to reconstruct the blood vessels that had been cut open and close Patrick's head. Another team would do the same for Benjamin.
整个手术花了22小时,投入了一个70人的医疗组.停止了两个婴儿的心脏搏动和供血后,卡森只有一个小时的时间来分离业已损伤的血管.他娴熟快速地施行手术,将各种手术器械轻轻地切入两个婴儿的大脑深处.供血停止后二十分钟,他动了最后一刀.随后,他与医疗组合作,将用四十分钟时间重建被切开的血管,缝合帕特里克的头.另一组医务人员将对本杰明施行同样的手术.
17 Just within the hour limit, the babies were fully separated, and the operating tables were wheeled apart.
就在一小时时限将到之时,两个孩子被完全分离,两张手术台被分别推开.
18 Tired but happy, Dr. Carson went out to the waiting room. "Which one of your children would you like to see first?" he asked their mother.
疲倦不堪却又满心欢喜的卡森医生来到等候室.“你想先看哪个孩子呢?”他问孩子的母亲.
19 The students of Detroit's Southwestern High sat silently as Ben Carson described his life's journey from an angry street fighter to an internationally distinguished brain surgeon. "It's important that you know there are many ways to go," Dr. Carson told them. "Becoming a brain surgeon is perfectly possible. But you don't have to be a surgeon. There are opportunities everywhere. You just have to be willing to take advantage of them. (4) Think big! Nobody was born to be a failure. If you feel you're going to succeed — and work your tail off — you will succeed!"
底特律市西南高中的学生们静坐着,听本•卡森讲述自己从一个愤怒的街头打手成长为国际知名的脑外科医生的人生旅程.“重要的是要明白人生的道路多种多样,”卡森医生告诫他们道.“成为一位脑外科医生是完全可能的.但你并不一定要当外科医生.机会无处不在.但你得要肯去利用.(4) 要有雄心壮志!没有人生来就是失败者.如果你觉得自己会成功 —— 于是发奋努力 —— 你就会成功!”
20 Pausing, Ben Carson turned to his mother who was sitting in the front row.
本•卡森停顿片刻,朝坐在前排的母亲望去.
21 "I'd like to thank my mother," Carson said in closing, "for all the success I've had."
“我要为我取得的所有成功感谢我的母亲,”卡森最后说.
22 Southwestern High's entire graduating class stood and clapped for a solid five minutes. Tears welled in Ben Carson's eyes.
西南高中毕业班学生全体起立,鼓掌足足持续了五分钟.泪水从本•卡森的双眸涌出.
23 Afterward, Sonya Carson embraced her son fondly. "It's really true, Bennie," she said. "You can be anything you want to be. And you've done it!"
后来,索妮娅•卡森深情地搂住儿子.“真的没错,本尼,”她说.“心想事成.你已经做成了!”
11 Was this a failure of science, as some news reports trumpeted?
这是某些新闻报道所鼓噪的科学的失败吗?
12 No! It was a good example of the scientific method working the way it is supposed to. Scientists spend years on research, announce their findings, and these findings are examined by other scientists. That's how we learn. Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two. It's a process filled with disappointments and reverses, but somehow we keep moving ahead.
不!这正是科学研究以其应有的方式进行的一个范例.科学家经过多年研究发布成果,其成果再由其他科学家加以检验.我们就是这样增进知识的.正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺.这是个充满失望与挫折的过程,但不管怎样,我们一直往前迈进.