七年级下英语知识点

七年级下英语知识点
七年级下英语知识点

七年级下英语知识点
Ⅰ. 教材回眸
◆ 知识要点回顾 ◆
1 . Could you … ? （你 / 你们……好吗?）句型多用来表示请求,这里的 could 比 can 语气更加委婉、客气和有礼貌,肯定回答多为：OK / All right ! / Certainly ! / Of course . 否定回答常是：Sorry , I / we can’t . （不用couldn’t ）.如：
—Could you lend me your dictionary ?
—Of course .
2 . one 不仅可用作基数词表“一”之意,也能用作代词替代前面所提可数名词中的“一个”或代指“任何人”.例：
1 ) One and two is three . 一加二等于三.
2 ) I don’t have pens . Please give one to me . 我没有钢笔,请给我一支.
3 ) One must love one’s country . 任何人都必须爱国.
3 . You’re welcome . 用来回答对方的感谢时,相当于That’s OK . / that’s all right . / Not at all ..如：
—Thank you very much .
— You’re welcome .
4 . too 这个副词作“太”讲时通常修饰形容词或副词（放在其前）；作“也”讲时多位于句尾（其前用逗号隔开）.例：
1）Your bag is too big . 你的包太大.
2）Your bag is big , too .你的包也大.
5 . 当名词前有定冠词、指示代词和物主代词修饰时,all 习惯上放在这些限定词之前.例：all my books（我所有的书）.
6 . the other 通常表示两者（部分）中的“另外那个（些）”,而不带定冠词的 other 多用来泛指“另一些”.试比较：
1 ) The twins are English . One is Lucy , the other is Lily . 这对双胞胎是英国人,一个叫露西,另一个叫莉莉.
2 ) I have many friends . Some are teachers , others are police men . 我有很多朋友,一些是教师,另一些是警察.
7 . socks , shoes , trousers , glasses（眼镜）等表示两部分构成的整体东西的名词习惯上用复数形式,如果指“一双（副）”,应用a pair of 短语修饰.例：
a pair of socks（一双短袜）,a pair of glasses（一副眼镜）等.
A pair of shoes is under the bed .
8 . 当询问“某人（物）怎么啦?”时,句型常用 What’s wrong with … ? 这里的疑问词 what 不可受汉语的影响误用 how .例：
—What’s wrong with your kite ? 你的风筝怎么啦?
—It’s broken .它坏了.
9 . worry 作及物动词用时其后习惯上只接人作宾语,意为“使……担心”；worry 用作不及物动词其后能接人或物作宾语,但必须用介词 about ,意为“担心……”.例：
1 ) These apples worry me . 这些苹果使我担心.
2 ) Don’t worry about my lessons . 别担心我的功课.
10 . tea , milk , bread , water , meat , rice 等物质名词均为不可数名词,此类名词无复数形式,其前不可用不定冠词、基数词、指示代词等直接修饰,若表示它们的数量,其前必须加“计量名词 + of ”短语.例：a bottle of orange（一瓶桔汁）,two cups of tea（两杯茶）.
但是常可以用：two cups of tea = two teas 两杯茶
11 . It’s time … 句型后接名词或代词时要用 for（介词）,后接动词必须用 to（不定式符号）,这里的主语 it 不可换用另的代词,且 time 前习惯上不用冠词.例：
1 ) It’s time for class . 该上课了.
2 ) It’s time to play games . 是做游戏的时候了.
注意：It is time for sb to do 该某人干……
12 . something to eat (drink ) 意为“吃（喝）的东西”,to eat ( drink ) 为不定式作后置定语修饰不定代词 something .例：
We have something to eat now . 现在我们有东西吃.
Ⅱ. 典题赏析
◆ 交际能力与测试指要 ◆
（1）根据所设情景选择最佳答案.如：
1 . — ______ ? — It’s eight thirty .
A . How old is your sister B . What class are you in
C . What’s the time , please D . What number is your car
2 . 当你有事想问别人,应先说声：______ .
A . Excuse me B . I’m sorry C . Hello D . OK
（2）根据对话情景,补全对话.如：
Kate : Hi , Jim . ( 1 ) ?
Jim : Fine , thank you . And you ?
Kate : I’m fine , too . ( 2 ) ?
Jim : Very well , thanks
Kate : ( 3 ) ?
Jim : Class Four .
Kate : ( 4 ) ?
Jim : Room Five .
Kate : Oh , I see .
A . Which is here classroom B . How is your sister
C . How are you today D . What class is she in
解答“情景交际”题首先要清楚所设的情景是哪一类交际项目；其次要清楚在哪种情景下该说什么话,该如何表达自己的思想；还要清楚上下文情景的关系.
具体题还要具体对待.上面题型（1）中的第2小题,直接选A就行了.而第1小题就必须先辨别A、B、C、D四个选项各是什么意思,然后看答句的表达形式,才能依据交际常识判断是C.第（2）小题的一组对话设计了四个问句,这样的题则要根据上下文的内容和交际习惯,与对话一一对应.
选完后一定要默默读上两遍,细心体会一下语感,认真检查一下有无疏漏,最后确定.如果试题有图片,要善于利用图片上的信息,帮助答题,要善于从情景中悟出“天机”.
◆ 交际英语讲练 ◆
※ 问候 ( Greetings ) ?
1 . “How are you ? ”“______”?
A . How do you do ? B . How are you ? ?
C . I‘m fine , thank you . D . What do you do ?
※ 介绍 ( Introductions ) ?
2 . — Li Ping , ______ . ?
— Nice to meet you , Zhang Hong . ?
A . that’s my friend , Zhang Hong B . this is Zhang Hong?
C . she is Zhang Hong D . I introduce Zhang Hong to you
3 . “Nice to meet you . ”“_______”?
A . Is that so ? B . I‘ve got a cough . ?
C . Yes , do please . D . Nice to meet you , goo .
※ 打电话 ( Making telephone calls ) ?
4 . “Hello , 5847552 . ”“Hi ! _____”?
A . Are you Linda ? B . Who are you ? ?
C . I am David . D . Is that Linda speaking ?
5 . — This is John speaking . Who is that ? ?
— _____?
A . This is Bill . B . I am Bill . ?
C . You are Bill . D . Where is bill ?
6 . — Could I speak to headmaster ? ?
— ______ please . ?
A . Hold on for a moment B . Speak loudly?
C . He is at work D . What’s wrong ?
7 . A : Hello ! Could I speak to Miss Grey , please ? ?
B : ______?
A . I‘m Miss Grey . B . Yes , you could . ?
C . SPeaking . D . Who are you ?
答案与简析：?
1 . C.“How are you ? ”是熟人之间常用的客套招呼语,答语常用 “Fine , thank you . ”或“Very well , thank you . ”表示问候的用语还有“Good morning / afternoon / evening . Hello / Hi . ”等,答语须重复原话.?
2 . B.介绍某人,常用句型“This is . . . ”.自我介绍则用“My name is . . . ”或“I’m . . . ”.? 3 . D.“Nice to meet you . ”一般在两人初次见面被互相介绍后使用,其答语为“Nice to meet you , too . ”.“How do you do ? ”和“Glad to meet you . ”也属于介绍用语.?
4 . D.打电话时,欲问对方是谁,应说“Who is that ( speaking ) ? ”.?
5 . A.打电话时,欲说“我是……”,应说“This is . . . ”.?
6 . A.接电话时,若想请对方别挂断或稍等,应说“Hold on ( for a moment ) , please . ”.?
7 . C.接电话时,若你正是对方要找的人,可说“请讲” ( Speaking . ) ；若对方要找的人不在,可说“He / She isn‘t here right now . Can I take a message for you ? ”.?
Ⅲ. 语法透视
◆ 不可数名词用法举要 ◆
不可以用数目来计算的名词称为不可数名词.学习不可数名词时,应注意以下几点：
▲不可数名词没有复数形式.如：some meat , some bread , 不可说 some meats , some breads .
▲不可数名词不能不定冠词 a , an 及数词修饰,但可用 some , any , much （许多）,a lot of （许多）,a little（一点）等直接修饰.如：我们不可以说a tea , two milk , 但可以说 some tea , much meat .
▲不可数名词前通常用量词来表示具体的数.如：a glass of water , two cups of tea , five pieces of bread .需要注意的是：类似短语中的介词 of 不能省去,当数词大于“一”时,量词需要用复数形式.
▲不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如：
These is some water in the bottle . 瓶里有些水.
Is there any rice in the bag ? 袋子里有米吗?
▲若不可数名词前有复数数量词修饰时,谓语动词用复数形式.例如：
There are three bottles of orange on the table . 桌上有三瓶桔汁.
试比较：There is some orange on the table .
▲对不可数名词前的修饰语提问,疑问词用 how much .例如：
They want two cups of tea .
→How much tea do they want ?
There is some milk in the glass .
→How much milk is there is the glass ?
▲对不可数名词前量词部分的修饰语提问题,疑问词用 how many .例如：
They want two cups of tea . →How many cups of tea do they want ?
▲不可数名词表示特指时可用定冠词 the 修饰.例如：
The bread on the table is Li Lei’s . 桌上的面包是李磊的.
▲有些名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但意思却大不相同.如：glass 作可数名词,意思是“玻璃杯”,作为不可数名词,意思是“玻璃”；room 作可数名词,意思是“房间”,作不可数名词,意思是“空间”.
I have many friends bread meat milk fish （面包）（肉）（牛奶）（鱼）
Ⅳ. 难词解码
◆ some 与 any之区别 ◆
some 和 any 都有“一些”的意思,都可作形容词、代词,可修饰或代替可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词,但两者用法不同.
一、some 一般用于肯定句中.例如：
I can see some flowers . 我能直到一些花.
There is some milk in the glass . 杯子里有一些牛奶.
二、any 一般用于否定句和疑问句中.例如：
— Can you see any bread on the table ? 你看到桌子上有面包吗?
—Yes , I can see some . 是的, 我看到一些.
—Can you see any girls in the picture ? 你能看到图画上的女孩吗?
—No , I can’t see any . 不, 我一个也看不到.
三、some 可用于表示请求、邀请、希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中.例如：
— Can you give me some bread ? 你能给我一些面包吗?
— Certainly . Here you are . 当然可以,给你.
Would you like some bread ? 你想要些面包吗?
同学们,请看,Polly 给我们编出了一句顺口溜：
some 用于肯定句,疑问句、否定用 any ,请求、邀请与期待,仍用 some 代 any .
◆ do you like 与 would you like ◆
Do you like … ? 意为“你喜欢……吗?”“你爱……吗?”等,是提问者问对方习惯上喜爱什么,并不指目前一时爱好.其后常跟或 doing 结构作宾语.例：
Do you like meat ? 你喜欢吃肉吗?
Do you like playing basketball ? 你喜欢打篮球吗?
其肯定回答为 Yes , I do . ; 否定回答为 No . I don’t . .
Would you like … ? 意为 “你想要……吗?”“你愿意……吗?”,指说话人委婉地向对方提出请求或建议,是指目前的情况,其后常跟名词或 to do 结构作宾语.例：
Would you like some apples ? 你卢吃一些苹果吗?
Would you like to have a cup of tea ?你想喝杯茶吗?
其肯定回答是 Yes , please . 或 Yes , I’d like / love to . ; 否定回答是 No , thanks . / thank you . 或 Yes , I’d like to , but … 等.例：
A : Would you like a bottle of orange ?
B : Yes , please . / No , thanks .
would like 还可缩写为 ’d like .例：
I’d like to have a cup of tea .
Ⅴ. 幽默趣赏
◆ Tom’s Answer ◆
Tom : Dad , black hens are more clever than white hens , aren‘t they ?
Dad : How do you know it , Tom ?
Tom : Well , black hens can lay white eggs , but white hens can’t lay black eggs .
汤姆的回答
汤姆：爸爸,黑母鸡比白母鸡聪明,不是吗 ?
爸爸：你是怎么知道的,汤姆 ?
汤姆：喏,黑母鸡能下白色的蛋,而白母鸡不能下黑色的蛋.
◆ The Red Ink ◆
Bob : Mum , I‘m making a picture of my father . Where is the red ink ?
Mum : What do you want to do with the red ink ?
Bob : I’ll colour his nose red .
红墨水
鲍勃：妈妈,我正在画一张爸爸的像,红墨水在哪里 ?
妈妈：你用红墨水干什么 ?
鲍勃：我要把他的鼻子着成红色.
◆ A dishonest cat ◆
一只不诚实的猫
1 . There lives a cat in the country . It likes telling lies , so that it glosses over its mistakes .
在乡下,有一只猫,它喜欢说谎,以便掩盖自己的过失.
2 . When it catches a rat , the rat gets away . It says , “ You are too thin . I won’t catch you until you become fat . ”
它捉老鼠时,老鼠逃跑了.它说：“你太瘦了,等你肥了我再捉你.”
3 . It climbs up a tree to catch birds , the birds flies away , and it falls off the tree . It says

Unit5.Topic 1
wake up. /wake sb up 醒来，叫醒某人
want to do sth 想做某事
get up early/late 早/ 迟起
by+交通工具 on foot
on weekdays /weekends 在周日/ 周末
at around /about six o’clock 大约在6点
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Unit5.Topic 1
wake up. /wake sb up 醒来，叫醒某人
want to do sth 想做某事
get up early/late 早/ 迟起
by+交通工具 on foot
on weekdays /weekends 在周日/ 周末
at around /about six o’clock 大约在6点
have a (short) break 稍息一会儿
in the spare time 在业余时间
play basketball/soccer/ 打篮球/足球
play sports 做运动
play the piano弹钢琴
go dancing去跳舞
sing songs 唱歌
play computer games 玩电脑游戏
watch TV 看电视
for a (little) while一会儿
read books 看书
clean the house 打扫房间
in the library 在图书管
do one’s homework 做家庭作业
listen to music 听音乐
write letters写信
go roller skating 去滑旱冰
How often 多常
once a week/ twice a week/ three times a day
一星期一次/两次，一天三次
Unit5 Topic 2
at the moment /minute =now此刻
talk with/to sb 与某人谈话
wait a minute/moment 等一会儿
on the shelf在书架上
return =give sth back 归还
on time 准时
on the playground 在操场上
anything else /nothing else/what else
什么别的，没有别的，别的什么
between…and… 在…和…两者之间
Here is/are… 这是…
love/like doing sth. 喜欢做某事。
Unit 5 Topic 3
have classes/lessons/have a class/ lesson
上课
be over=end=finish 结束
wait for sb/sth 等某人
have to =must 必须
think of /about 考虑
do /try one’s best 尽力
care about 担心
learn from sb 向某人学习
with great interest 有浓厚兴趣的
Thank sb for (doing) sth
因为某事而感谢某人
Best wishes 祝福你
Unit 6 Topic 1
on the second floor 在第二层
Why not do sth =why don’t you do sth?
为什么不做某事?
go upstairs 上楼
have a look (at) 看一看
Come in, please 请进
so many nice books 这么多好看的书
plant flowers / trees 种花/树
have a bath 洗澡
read books/newspapers 看书/报纸
in/on the wall 在墙上
play with 玩…, 和…玩
put sth away 把…放好
look after 照顾
in/on the tree 在树上
in front of 在…前面（范围外）
in the front of 在…前面（范围内）
get a letter from sb 收到某人的来信
Unit 6 Topic 2
be like 像…
in an apartment building 在一个单元房里
in the countryside 在农村
in the suburbs 在郊区
in the area 在这个地区
How about/What about (doing) sth …….怎么样？
would like to do sth = want to do sth 想要做某事
go back to 回去 go back home 回家
For Rent 出租(广告) Wanted 求租(广告)
per month/week/year 每个月/星期/年
call sb at +号码 打某人……电话
think over=think about=think of 考虑
a single room 一间单人房间
a double-room house 一间双人房
a 3-bedroom house一间3卧室的房间
rent sth from sb. 向某人租….. 求租…
rent sth to sb. 租给某人…... 出租…..
around here 这周围
on the street corner 在街角处
There is something wrong with…….
……有什么毛病？
get sb to do sth.=ask sb to do sth.= let sb do sth. 让某人做某事.
right now 马上，立刻.
a lot of 许多.
be close to / be near与…接近
be far from 离…很远
keep money 存钱
take trains 乘火车
mail letters 寄信
see the doctor 看病
hear sb doing sth . 听到某人正做某事.
try to do sth. 试着做某事.
such a station 这样的一个车站
move from…to… 从…移到/搬到…
at the end of… 在…末梢
on the right 在右边
The traffic is heavy. 交通拥挤
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
Unit 6 Topic 3
go /walk across =cross 穿过
on the corner of… 在…的拐弯处
(be) across from… 穿过…, 在…对面
on one’s /the way to
在（某人）去某地的路上
get to… 到达…get home /there/here
(be) far away from… 远离…
need to do sth. 需要做某事
need do sth. 需要做某事
change to the No.1 bus.转1路车。
a ticket for speeding（开车时）超速的罚单
thousands of 成千的，好几千的
get hurt=be hurt受伤
in a road accident 在一次交通事故中
make the road safe 使交通安全
obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则
keep on the right 保持向右行
be clear 安全的/清洁的
It is good to do sth 做某事很好
blind people 盲人
Unit7Topic 1
next / last Saturday 下星期六/ 上星期六
be fun/interesting 有趣
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事
have a birthday party开一次生日晚会
Would you like sth.你想要……
Would you like to do sth. 你想要做某事
You bet./ Of course./ Sure./ Certainly.
当然啦
be born 出生
use sth for doing sth 用于作…
look up 查阅，查找
must be 一定是
Unit7Topic2
perform ballet 跳芭蕾舞
dance the disco跳迪斯科
take photos ( of…) 照相
sing songs for sb.为某人唱歌
take sth./sb. to sw 把某物带到某处
take sth.with sb. 随身带上某物
work out 算出 work on 演算
fly a kite / fly kites 放风筝
one year ago 一年前 two years ago两年前
play table tennis 打乒乓球
be good at (doing)sth 擅长做某事
have a good time 玩得很开心
Something is / was wrong with…
什么有毛病
with the help of ….在……的帮助下
make model planes.制作模型飞机
Unit7Topic3
It’s one’s turn. 轮到某人了
What’s the matter?/What’s wrong?What’s up? 怎么啦？
fall down 跌倒
happen to sb.发生在某人身上
go to a movie =see a film = go to the cinema
去看电影
lie to sb. 对某人说谎
tell a lie (to sb) 说谎 tell- told
talk about 谈论 in fact 事实上
sit around… 围坐在…
make the cards 做卡片
make a silent wish 默默许愿
write a letter to sb. / write to sb.
写信给某人
Unit 8 Topic 1
climb mountains = go climbing爬山
go hiking 踏青
make a snowman(snowmen) 做雪人
in spring / summer / fall / winter
在春/夏/秋/冬
like sth best 最喜欢
like sth better 更喜欢
nice and =very, quite 很，挺
all day 整天
be coming 就要来了
go on sth. 进行某事
go on a trip 进行旅行
go out 出去
take an umbrella 带伞
wear sunglasses 带太阳镜
wear warm clothes 穿暖和的衣服
remember to do sth. 记住要去做某事
remember doing sth. 记住做过某事
(be) the same as 与……一样
travel to sw. 旅游到某地
wear an overcoat 穿一件大衣
come back to life 复苏, 复活
get warm 变暖和
a hopeful season. 一个充满生机的季节。
A harvest season. 一个丰收的季节.
come after 来自……之后
be busy doing sth.忙于做….
last from…to…持续从……到
last for 持续
Unit 8 Topic2
travel around 周游
take pictures/photos of… 拍……的照片
hope to do sth. / hope (that)+句子
希望做某事
next month 下个月
places of interest 名胜
each of us 我们中的每一个人
tell sb sth.about告诉某人关于……某事
take off 拖掉，起飞
point to 指点
touch a child on the head 摸小孩的头
do some touring 观光
do some shopping/cleaning
买东西/做卫生
need to do sth.需做某事
give sth. to sb. /give sb.sth. 给某人某物
pass sth.to sb. /pass sb. sth. 递某物给某人
be friendly to sb 对某人友好
be different from 与……不同
Unit 8 Topic3
make dumpings 做饺子
each other 相互，互相
have families get together.举行家庭聚会
on this day 在这一天 good luck 好运
stay up 熬夜 send sth. to sb. 送某人某物
play tricks on sb.= trick on sb 开某人玩笑
pick up摘，捡起 knock at/ on 敲
on the night of 在……夜晚
go touring / shopping 去旅行/ 购物
enjoy a seven-day holiday享受7天的假期
hold dragon boat races举行龙舟赛
the capital of ……的首都，…….的省会
go up 升起
Best wishes to sb.! 致某人最好的祝愿
on the eve of 在……前夕
at midnight 在午夜
put up 挂
with
最令某人高兴的是 To one’s joy
取得很大的进步
在户外in the open air
与某人聊天 chat with
互相 each other =with one another
与某人相聚 have a get-together with
很快，马上 (at)any minute now
及时 in time
匆忙in a hurry
动身，出发 set off
朝回走 head back
朝回家的路走 head back home
有一个美好的未来 have a great future
期望做某事 look forward to doing sth.
给某人一个拥抱 give a hug to sb.
旅途平安 Have a safe flight!
出去散步 go out for a walk

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